Get the best wildflower book you can find for your part of the gardening world. You won't be sorry.
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| Phlox pilosa ( Polemoniaceae) and Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae) |
Not only will you learn to identify wildflowers, but, the best wildflower books should also give you a good foundation in plant families, a description of the plants characteristics and where the plant is found growing.
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Phlox family with it's characteristic fused and perfect five petals
I love wildflowers and love reading about them. So, when friends ask me to identify wildflowers they've seen in the woods or in someone's garden, it's a fun task. Sometimes it's challenging, but, with a decent photo, my go to books, the internet and being able to place a plant in its family, it's not too difficult to find and id!
The best wildflower books are chock full of important information and my favorite all around wildflower book has an excellent flower color key and an overview of the geographic regions/physiographic provinces that make up Tennessee. It even lists plants that have naturalized in our regions, like Lunaria anua, which is a member of the Mustard family. So are the toothworts~those beautiful spring ephemerals that didn't last through our hot March weather.
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| Baptisia australis Bean/pea familywith standards, wings and keel |
I found out early on that I garden in the Central Basin province of Tennessee, with shallow, nearly neutral clay soil. Knowing this helps me understand why Frances/fairegarden, who gardens in the Ridge and Valley province and I have very different results with the same plants. This is even true for my friend Paul's garden which is less than 10 miles from my house. His garden is on one of the many ridges that surrounds Nashville, it's also on thin, rocky soil, but it can support acid loving plants that I have to work hard to make happy.
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| Lily, Phlox, Buttercup, Waterleaf and Mustard family represented |
Besides dazzling your family and friends while hiking in local natural areas, having a general knowledge of plant families can help to identify wildflowers that you see and might want to try growing in your garden.
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| Upper leaves are the standard, middle the wings and the bottom is the keel |
That's how I was able to identify Partridge Pea/Chamaecrista fasciculata at Radnor Lake last summer. (here for its story) Partridge Pea is a fab Fabaceae with characteristic flowers comprised of standards, wings and keels and distinctive compound pinnate leaves!
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| Trillium grandiflorum is a member of the Lily Family |
Naturally, plants don't always fit into a handy set of characteristics, that would be too easy, but, getting to know the typical characteristics is a good start.
Take a look at two Buttercup family members that are endemic to my garden. All Buttercup family members have colorful sepals instead of petals.
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Enemion biternatum/False rue-anemone has 5 petal like sepals
False rue-anemone has the usual five colored sepals instead of petals. Usual is used because not all members have just 5 sepals. (Sepals are usually part of the calyx).
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Rue-anemone/Thalictrum thalictroides has five to ten showy white to pinkish sepals and can be easily confused with False rue-anemone. That's when knowing a plant's leaf shape really helps! (A photograph of all of the plant is helpful for comparisons in your plant books or an Online source.)
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| Western Daisy/Astranthium integrifolium is a native annual in the Asteraceae family |
If you want to learn more about plant families start with a good wildflower book and head out into your own garden. You probably already know many and I am more than sure that you will be able to identify many more in a short period of time.
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| Monarda bradburiana of the Lamiaceae family |
I am pretty sure that you have most of these families represented in your garden! Some of our best flowers are represented in these 8 families!
Ranunculaceae~5 colored sepals instead of petals, lobed leaves. I always think run when I see ranunculaceae in a name and they do often run wild in a garden! Columbine and the anemones are shown. Almost all are poisonous.
Fabaceae~Once you get to know this plant family with it's pea like flower, compound, or trifoliate or watermarked leaves and seed pod, you'll be able to spot the medic, clovers, lupines and vetches everywhere!
Polemoniaceae~The phlox family with five flat-petaled flowers with simple undivided flowers. (phlox and Jacobs Ladder)
Asteraceae~Probably the most prevalent family in my garden with ray or disk flowers that shout 'daisy'.
Lily family~Lilies, iris and other relatives (alliums, Iris native and exotic, Blue-eyed grass, etc) including the Genus Trillium with its stalked or stalkless three petaled flowers.
Brassicaceae~Fabulous plant family with 4 sepals, 4 petals and 6 stamens~Count 'em! Together the four petals form a cross which is the source of their other name Cruciferae. Unfortunately, some of these plants are noxious weeds like Garlic Mustard/Alliari petiolata. If you see it in your garden~get rid of it.
Lamiaceae~Leaves are simple and opposite, with a square stem (usually) and 2 lipped corollas. Bees adore these plants.
Hydrophylloideae-The waterleaf family is duking out with whether or not it should be placed in the Borage family. I shall let the taxonomists figure this one out! Suffice it to say these plants are sweet and much appreciated in my garden. I love the description of this plant family from Thomas Elpel~"The flowers of this family often have a "dainty" appearance because the stamens frequently dangle so far out of the little blossoms. The flowers are typically small and often clustered together. The flower stalks often curl over, much like a scorpion tail." (source)
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| Phacelia bipinnatifida also known as Scorpionweed |
Now have fun and don't make this an onerous task!
xxoogail
Gail Eichelberger is a gardener and therapist in Middle Tennessee. She loves wildflowers and native plants and thoroughly enjoys writing about the ones she grows at
Clay and Limestone." She reminds all that the words and images are the property of the author and cannot be used without written permission.
