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| Hypericum frondosum's color is still happening in the garden |
I love gardening in the Middle South, but, this has been an especially challenging year. Droughts are a regular occurrence in Tennessee’s climate, but, the one we experienced throughout the late summer and fall has been devastating. I fear for shrubs and trees and wonder if I will see the real loss when spring rolls around in 2024. Climatologists have said, "Expect extreme weather patterns." and we've had them. Fortunately we haven't had an extreme Arctic freeze like December 2022. None the less, we are fortunate to have four seasons in the middle south; a mercifully short winter and a delightful spring and autumn which make up for the steamy hot and often too dry summer weather. The days are starting to lengthen and before long the earliest spring ephemerals will break dormancy and the gloriously long bloom of wildflowers will begin.
Here's the Wildflower Wednesday Roundup. Please follow the links to read about our glorious wildflower stars. xoxogail
January 2023: Hamamelis vernalis and A Wildflower Wednesday Challenge
I've decided to continue the WW Challenge into 2023 and beyond. It's a call for doing at least one thing a month to support nature/garden critters/etc. I will include an idea list each month. Long time readers know that I've been an advocate of gardening with native plants and the critters that visit and live in our gardens since my early blogging days. Back then I fell in love with the bumbles that were visiting my garden and wrote many posts about pollinators of all kinds. I also loved sharing posts about the native wildflowers that supported those critters and began Wildflower Wednesday. It's been at least a dozen years since that first Wildflower Wednesday meme post. I invited others to share their wildflower star of the month and many did. I continue to use the Wildflower Wednesday posts to call attention to our native plants that have co-evolved with critters in a mutually dependent manner. Co-adaptation is easiest to see with insects/pollinators and flowering plants in our gardens. Researchers have found at least three traits that flowering plants have evolved to attract pollinators: (source)
- Distinct visual cues: flowering plants have evolved bright colors, stripes, patterns, size and colors specific to the pollinator. For example, flowering plants seeking to attract insect pollinators are typically blue an ultraviolet, whereas red and orange are designed to attract birds.
- Scent: flowering plants use scents as a means of instructing insects as to their location. Since scents become stronger closer to the plant, the insect is able to hone-in and land on that plant to extract its nectar.
- Some flowers use chemical and tactile means to mimic female insect species to attract the male species.
Let's consider our January star with co-evolution in mind.
Hamamelis vernalis is a lovely native shrub/small tree that blooms when you have just about given up hope that winter will end and warmth will return to the world. In my Middle Tennessee garden it began blooming the first week in January. It's not unusual for it to continue blooming into February and sometimes March.
Ozark witch hazel's flowers are an unusual reddish color with four yellow/orange crepe paper streaming petals that unfurl as the day warms and furl back up when the temperature drops. This is a marvelous adaptive behavior that insures that the spidery blooms will survive the fluctuating winter weather and be in bloom for almost two months. This is super important in ensuring that any pollinating critters that are out and about on warmer days will find their way to the lovely flowers.
February 2023: Dirca palustris, An Underused/Underappreciated Woodland Beauty
Honestly, I was worried that there would be no flowers on Dirca palustris
this year after the December flash freeze. Also, worrisome was a
friend's loss of his decade old Leatherwood to a fungus. Long time
readers know that I rushed outside to make sure the shrub was okay. Geez
Louis, was I relieved that it was doing fine.
In case that has you wondering about the shrub's hardiness, it's a very cold-hardy plant, being able to tolerate temperatures down to around -22°f when fully dormant. The flowers are produced in early spring, however, and are very likely to be damaged when the plant is grown in regions with late frosts. (source)
Despite my worry, it bloomed right on schedule.
March 2023: A Few Spring Epemerals from Clay and Limestone
Neither rain nor cold, or even more rain and then very cold weather could stop the delightful harbingers of springtime that are blooming at Clay and Limestone. The delicate white or pinkish flowers of ephemerals bloom early in spring, set seed, then disappear until the next spring.
If you had to choose one of the earliest spring ephemerals as a favorite...Would you? Could you?
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| Claytonia virginica or Spring Beauty |
Would you choose the candy striped Spring Beauty?
Claytonia virginica's flowers are about the size of a dime with five petals that spread wide as the sun warms them. From a distance, the flowers appear white, but, each petal is suffused with a delicate network of pastel pink veins. Those pink veins are nectar guides. Spring Beauties are pollinated by over 100 species of insects. That's a lot of bees, flies and other winged creatures relying on nectar and pollen. That makes them an important early food source and extremely important in our garden habitats and near by woodlands.
Perhaps, you would choose the perfumed flowers of Cardamine concatenata/Cut-leaved toothwort! This is a common plant in Middle Tennessee, but that would never detract from its charm. Like many early blooming spring wildflowers this one is low to the ground (and you can count on getting dirty knees trying to take a decent photo). While you're crawling around you might notice their sweet fragrance. It's especially noticeable on sunny warm days.
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| Cut-leaved toothwort |
April 2023: Monarda bradburiana
When a plant description reads like this: "Monarda bradburiana is an upright bushy perennial with square green stems" it's hard to get excited! But when you see the plant in flower and read about its wonderful qualities you know you want it in your garden. At least that's what happened to me.
Monarda bradburiana is an exceptional Monarda and worthy to be in your garden.
- it's a compact clumping perennial wildflower
- plants have gray-green aromatic leaves on strong square stems
- it blooms in mid spring in my middle Tennessee garden
- the stems are topped by showy rounded clusters of pale pink tubular flowers speckled with purple
- pollinators flock to the blooms
- it will thrive in sunny or partly shaded gardens with average well drained soils.
- no mildew
- it may self seed...that's a plus for me
- not as aggressive as other Monardas
It's lovely and the fact that so many pollinators are attracted to it is a major plus.
Besides all that...who could resist a plant with purple freckles!
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May 2023: There Be Dragons In the Garden
The Dragons in my garden are the best kind to have. They're dramatic and elegant looking, growing over three foot tall with a two foot "wingspan".
June 2023: Clustered Mountain Mint
Pycnanthemum muticum is quite possibly a perfect pollinator plant.
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But you don't have to take my word for this! Just google Mountain Mint and every nursery selling it, State Native Plant Society or blogger who writes about it extols its insect attracting virtues. Trust me and others, this is the best mountain mint species for attracting and supporting pollinating insects!
Here's more! The
researchers at Penn State's The Pollinator Trial found that Clustered Mountain Mint was the best plant for flowering
longevity; for pollinator visitor diversity; for sheer number of insect
visitors (78); and, for sheer number of bee and syrphid visitors. Wowzer!
July 2023: Elephantopus carolinianus
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I don't think you would be at all surprised to discover that I've found another wildflower to love! This one is called Elephant's foot. It's a very cool flowering plant with large leaves and tiny flowers. When I say tiny I mean tiny and easily missed unless you're crawling around on the ground in a woodland setting. Yes, I do spend time crawling around on the ground looking at plants and I totally recommend it.
Although, I've seen Elephant's foot in wooded areas near by none have naturally occurred at Clay and Limestone. But, thanks to my South Carolina gardening friend Janet, I have some in the garden. I planted them in the spring ephemeral bed along the driveway. They've survived and flowered, but not spread aggressively as some gardeners have reported. Maybe, I should be careful about what I wish for, but, I do wish this one would spread about; it would make an attractive ground cover and massing them would highlight the pretty flowers so much better.
On that note, I've discovered three seedlings in the cracks in my asphalt drive; which both amuses and amazes me. Whenever
I find any plants growing in sidewalk cracks or grooves I conclude that
they're perfect plants for Clay and Limestone! Plants that are able to
adapt to harsh environmental conditions like heat, lack of nutrients and
not much moisture, truly are treasures. It's looking good that Elephant's
foot can survive our summer droughts and shallow soil. It also looks
like I will be collecting seeds this fall since propagation appears to
be easy! (see The Particulars below)
August 2023: Vernonia gigantea, A Rough and Tumble Wildflower
September 2023: Rough and Tumble Wildflowers on the Greenway and in My Neighborhood
It's rough and tumble wildflower bloom time in my garden and at the greenway where I walk most mornings. I am delighted to see so many different wildflowers in the sea of invasive honeysuckle, Mimosa, Ailanthus, Euonymous fortunae, Bradford Pears, privet and Rose of Sharon that have almost completely taken over many of our greenways. I love that these rough and tumble wildflowers have survived the invasion and are there for wildlife.
Several
former Wildflower Wednesday stars have a presence on the greenway and
you can click on the highlighted plant names to see that post. I will
introduce you to several new plants.
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| Hairy leaf cup/Bear's Foot/Smallanthus uvedalius |
October 2023: Ex-aster Time is the best time to be in the garden
I've said it before and I'll say it again, ex-aster time is the best
time to be in the garden. The days are warm and Autumn angle of the sun
makes everything glow.
November 2023 So Thankful for Willowleaf Asters
I love everything about Willowleaf aster.
- I love that it can survive frosts.
- I love that it's still providing food for every bee, butterfly, moth, wasp and critter that's still up and about on cooler days.
- I love that it has survived droughts in my garden even though it's so much happier in moist soil.
- I love that it's a traveler and moves around the garden via robust rhizomes to form large clonal colonies.
- Seriously, I don't mind that it makes a big presence, because it's easy to transplant and transplants well.
- I love that Willowleaf aster is THE gathering place for all the bumbles at the end of a hard day! Bumbles are the last to leave my garden at night and it's not unusual to find them slumbering on the flowers on a cool Autumn morning. I always thank them and wish them a good day, they are quite the hardest workers in my garden.
Thanks for stopping by to see our Wildflower Wednesday stars for 2023. They're all favorites and all incredible plants to add to most of your gardens. If you garden in middle Tennessee they are perfect for your garden.
I love when you visit and leave comments, especially when you share something about your garden. I hope to see you in 2024 and may your garden give you the joy that mine has given me. xoxogail
Welcome to Clay and Limestone's Wildflower Wednesday celebration. On the fourth Wednesday of each month I share information about wildflowers and other native plants. Please join in if you like. You can write a blog post or share your favorite wildflower on social media. Remember, it doesn't matter if they are in bloom or not, and, it doesn't matter if we all share the same plants. It's all about celebrating wildflowers.
Gail Eichelberger is a gardener and therapist in Middle Tennessee. She loves wildflowers and native plants and thoroughly enjoys writing about the ones she grows at Clay and Limestone. She reminds all that the words and images are the property of the author and cannot be used without written permission.
